【LeetCode】136. Single Number 解題報告

136. Single Number / Easy

Given a non-empty array of integers nums, every element appears twice except for one. Find that single one.

You must implement a solution with a linear runtime complexity and use only constant extra space.

Example 1:

Input: nums = [2,2,1]
Output: 1

Example 2:

Input: nums = [4,1,2,1,2]
Output: 4

Example 3:

Input: nums = [1]
Output: 1

Constraints:

  • 1 <= nums.length <= 3 * 10^4
  • -3 * 10^4 <= nums[i] <= 3 * 10^4
  • Each element in the array appears twice except for one element which appears only once.

Solution

思路

這題有很多有趣的解法,但題目要求空間複雜度必須是O(1),時間複雜度是O(N),這就限制了這題的解法。要判斷是否出現過,可能需要 set、map 或至少 array,不使用額外的空間真的很困難。

有一個有趣的解法是利用 xor 的特性,同樣的數 xor 後會變成 0。題目已經提到,只有一個元素出現一次,其他都有兩次,如此一來,我們遍歷整個陣列,將所有的數字 xor 起來,最後留下來的就是答案了。

效能

Complexity

  • Time Complexity: O(N)
  • Space Complexity: O(1)

LeetCode Result

Code

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class Solution {
public:
int singleNumber(vector<int>& nums) {
int n = nums[0];
for(int i = 1; i < nums.size(); ++i) {
n ^= nums[i];
}
return n;
}
};